AI
analogy arithmetic
king−man+woman≈queen
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Tokens and EmbeddingsAIMore terms from this board
- BPEbyte-pair encoding (merge frequent pairs → vocab)
- cosine similaritycloseness by angle between vectors
- dense vectorall-numbers representation (vs one-hot)
- dimension dsize of the vector (768…12288)
- embeddinga token's learned vector (d dims)
- embedding matrixthe vocab×d lookup table (learned)
- positional encodingadded so order is known
- semantic searchnearest-vector retrieval (RAG, l.08)
- static vs contextual embeddingfixed per word vs context-shifted
- tokenthe atomic unit a model reads (a subword)
- token IDan integer index
- tokenizertext ↔ token IDs (a fixed pre-step)
- vector databasestores/searches embeddings
- vector spacewhere meaning lives geometrically
- vocabularythe ~50-100k known tokens