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Module 11 · System Design · Five more whole designs

Design a web crawler (a billion pages a month, politely)

Before you start. You need the six steps from Design the Whole Thing (the interview, assembled): ask, estimate, API, data, design, bottlenecks, with nothing on the whiteboard until a number pays for it. Four Systems in One Night (worked designs) showed that the biggest number in a prompt names the hinge of the design, and here that number is a rate of pages per second. Google Search, the case study, later in this track, tells what a search engine does with the pages after they arrive. This lesson is only the part before: getting them.

Lesson 51 of 73 in System Design

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In this lesson

  • 1998: “Wow, you looked at a lot of pages from my web site”
  • The first number: 386 pages a second, and where the bytes go
  • The URL frontier: the census taker’s list
  • Politeness: one connection per host and a delay
  • robots.txt: asking before you knock
  • The same page twice: the URL-seen set and the Bloom filter
  • Same content, different URL
  • The tar pit: crawler traps
  • Which pages to see again
  • Step 1, requirements
  • Step 2, estimates
  • Step 3, API
  • Step 4, data model
  • Step 5, high-level design
  • Step 6, bottlenecks
  • The follow-up: recrawl news sites within minutes

Terms it explains: URL frontier, host, Politeness, DNS cache, URL-seen set, Bloom filter, false positive, Content dedup.

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